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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Revue Gabonaise d’Histoire et Archéologie, HISTARC</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ISNI 0000 0001 2165 4562</journal-id>
		
		
		
		
      <journal-title>Revue Gabonaise d’Histoire et Archéologie, HISTARC</journal-title>
		<issn pub-type="ppub">2303-9132</issn>
		<issn pub-type="epub">2958-8308 </issn>
		
		<publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Labarcgabon Editions/Département Études des Sociétés Anciennes et Contemporaines </publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject> Histoire contemporaine</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
		
		
		
 <title-group xml:lang="fr" lang-variant="original" lang-source="author">
<article-title>Migrants du septentrion camerounais et commerce 
des pattes et queues de bœufs à Yaoundé : incidence 
sanitaire et environnementale entre 1994 et 2021</article-title>
</title-group>
<title-group xml:lang="en" lang-variant="translation" lang-source="translator">
<article-title> Migrants from the northern region of Cameroon and the trade 
of ox feet and tails in Yaoundé: health and environmental implications between 1994 and 2021</article-title>
</title-group>
	
      <contrib-group>
		  <contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Prince Nico</surname>
		<given-names> TCHOUDJA</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff> Université de Douala, Cameroun</aff>
	</contrib>
		</contrib-group>
		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>6</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>7</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>11</issue>
		
		
<permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2023 Revue Gabonaise d’Histoire et Archéologie</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Licence Creative Commons" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a>.
      </permissions>
		
		
		
		<abstract xml:lang="fr" lang-variant="original" lang-source="author">
<title>RÉSUMÉ</title>
<p> La ville de Yaoundé accueille de nombreux migrants internes et externes. Une 
fois installés, ceux venus de la partie septentrionale s’occupent à travers plusieurs 
activités parmi lesquelles le commerce des pattes et queues de bœufs. Malheureusement, les méthodes de nettoyage et de manutention de ces denrées méprisent 
les règles d’hygiène et de protection de la nature. Ce qui affecte la santé humaine 
et l’équilibre environnemental. En s’appuyant sur les théories du constructivisme, 
du push pull et la théorie des réseaux migratoires, l’analyse présente les fondements 
migratoires de ces jeunes, examine leur travail dans ce commerce et renseigne que 
leurs actions portent atteinte à la santé humaine et à l’environnement provoquant 
les risques d’électrocution, d’intoxication, les brûlures et la dégradation de l’écosystème à travers les multiples pollutions.</p>
</abstract>


<abstract xml:lang="en" lang-variant="translation" lang-source="translator">
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p> The city of Yaoundé is home to many internal and external migrants. Once 
they have settled in, migrants from the northern part of the country engage in a 
variety of activities, including the trade in ox legs and tails. Unfortunately, the me- thods used to clean and handle these products flout the rules of hygiene and envi- ronmental protection. This affects human health and the environmental balance. 
Drawing on the theories of constructivism, push-pull and migratory network 
theory, the analysis presents the migratory foundations of these young people, 
examines their work in this trade and informs us that their actions harm human 
health and the environment, causing risks of electrocution, intoxication, burns and 
ecosystem degradation through multiple pollution.  </p>
</abstract>


		<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="fr" lang-variant="original" lang-source="author">
<title>MOTS-CLÉS</title> 
<kwd> Migrants</kwd> 
<kwd>Commerce</kwd> 
<kwd>Pattes de bœufs</kwd> 
<kwd>Queues de bœufs</kwd>
<kwd>Santé</kwd>
<kwd> environnement</kwd>
</kwd-group>

<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="en" lang-variant="translation" lang-source="translator"> 
<title> KEYWORDS </title> 
<kwd>Migrants</kwd> 
<kwd> Trade</kwd> 
<kwd> Ox legs</kwd> 
<kwd> Ox tails</kwd>
<kwd>Health</kwd>
<kwd>Environment</kwd>
</kwd-group>
	
		
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